I have come as a light into the world, that whoever believes in me may not remain in the darkness. – John12:46
Build sentences in the order of 5W1H
The statement above provides an answer to the question of “how?” Jesus came to earth, along with the purpose of His coming. In short, it means that Jesus came into this world as light to save us. Light represents hope, while darkness represents despair. Faith is “seeing hope amidst despair.” Perhaps this brought about a new hope? John 3:16 records the reason Jesus came was to grant eternal life.
“For God so loved the world that he gave his one and only Son, that whoever believes in him shall not perish but have eternal life. – John 3:16”
Meanwhile, Matthew 1:21 states that He came to save from sins.
“She will give birth to a son, and you are to give him the name Jesus, because he will save his people from their sins. – Matthew 1:21”
Summarizing these records, we can say, “Jesus came to save us from our sins, to ensure we do not remain in darkness, and to grant us eternal life.” Then, how did Jesus come into our world? The Bible states He was born as a human baby through Mary, just like any other person. However, the Bible verse mentioned above symbolically states that He came as light.
The position of adverbs is quite flexible. This is the same in Korean. Consider the following examples.
She walks beautifully.
She beautifully walks.
Beautifully she walks.
Grammatically, both Korean and English are without problems. However, in English, it is most natural for adverbs to follow the verb, as in “She walks beautifully.” Adverbs primarily modify verbs, but they also modify adjectives and other adverbs. In “It was very good,” ‘very’ modifies the adjective ‘good,’ and in “Saul liked him very much,” ‘very’ modifies another adverb ‘much.’ On the other hand, adverbs can also modify an entire sentence, as in the following Bible verse:
“Simply let your ‘Yes’ be ‘Yes,’ and your ‘No,’ ‘No’; anything beyond this comes from the evil one. – Matthew 5:37”
Adverbs are words that provide more information about how something is done, when it happens, where it happens, how often it happens, to what degree, or connect parts of sentences. Here are the main types of adverbs:
- Adverbs of Place: Show where an action takes place.
- Examples: Here, outside, everywhere, north.
- Adverbs of Manner: Describe how an action is performed. They answer the question “how?”
- Examples: Quickly, slowly, clearly.
- Adverbs of Time: Tell us when an action happens, ranging from specific times to general periods.
- Examples: Now, today, tomorrow, recently.
- Adverbs of Degree: Explain the intensity or degree of an action or an adjective.
- Examples: Very, too, extremely, much.
- Adverbs of Frequency: Indicate how often an action occurs.
- Examples: Often, rarely, sometimes, annually.
- Conjunctive Adverbs: These are used to connect clauses or sentences, showing relationships like contrast or cause and effect.
- Examples: However, therefore, moreover, consequently.
Each type of adverb adds different details to sentences, helping to make our communication clearer and more precise.
| Adverbs | after verbs | Where? | here, there, near, far, in, out, down, up, over, high, …. |
| How? | well, slowly, politely, safely | ||
| When? | now, then, yesterday, today, tomorrow, early, late, before, ago, | ||
Adverbs of Degree | very, only, little, much, almost, enough, …. | ||
| before verbs | Adverbs of Frequency | always, sometimes, often, rarely, frequently, …. | |
| yes or no | yes, no, not, maybe, perhaps, probably, …. | ||
| Conjunctive Adverbs: | However, therefore, moreover, consequently. | ||
- Creating Adverbs from Adjectives
In cases where an adverb does not exist, we can easily create one using an adjective. For example, by adding ‘ly’ to the adjective ‘quick,’ meaning ‘fast,’ we get the adverb ‘quickly,’ meaning ‘fast.’
“Do your best to come to me quickly. – 2 Timothy 4:9”
Just like this, by attaching the adverbial suffix [ly] to an adjective, we create an equivalent to the adverbial forms [이, 히, 기, 게] in Korean. For instance, by adding ~ly to the adjective ‘kind,’ we get ‘kindly.’ There are exceptions to this conversion of adjectives to adverbs when there are spelling or pronunciation issues. For example, the adjective ‘simple’ ends in ~le, with a consonant ‘p’ just before it. Attaching ~ly to adjectives ending in ~le with a consonant before it, as in ‘simplely,’ would make pronunciation difficult. Since ‘l’ is already present, we simply remove ‘e’ and attach ‘y.’ Examples include ‘noble’→’nobly,’ ‘possible’→’possibly,’ ‘humble’→’humbly,’ ‘simple’→’simply.’
Adjectives ending in ~ic become difficult to pronounce when ~ly is attached, so ~ally is used instead to form adverbs. It’s not irregularity for the sake of it, but rather, exceptions are made where there are pronunciation issues. Examples include ‘historic’→’historically,’ ‘systematic’→’systematically,’ ‘critic’→’critically,’ ’emphatic’→’emphatically.’
“But Peter insisted emphatically, ‘Even if I have to die with you, I will never disown you.’ And all the others said the same. – Mark 14:31”
However, there are always exceptions that complicate things. In the case of ‘public,’ we simply attach ~ly as in ‘publicly.’
“They beat us publicly without a trial, even though we are Roman citizens, and threw us into prison. – Acts 16:37”
Lastly, remember that adjectives ending in ~ue usually drop the ‘e’ and add ~ly, as in ‘true’→’truly,’ ‘due’→’duly.’
“O LORD, truly I am your servant. – Psalm 116:16”
2. Add prepositions to noun to make in an adverb.
Let’s also take a look at a few important prepositions that turn nouns into adverbs.
Preposition WITH for “Possession”
‘With’ means ‘together with’ but implies ‘having’ or ‘by means of,’ creating an adverb.
“Let us not love with words or tongue but with actions and in truth. – 1 John 3:18″
This suggests loving not just with words but through actions. The preposition ‘with’ is positioned before the nouns ‘words’ and ‘actions,’ creating adverbs ‘verbally’ and ‘through actions.’ ‘With’ especially forms useful idioms with abstract nouns, such as ‘with difficulty,’ ‘with care,’ and ‘with ease.’
“We moved along the coast with difficulty and came to a place called Fair Havens, near the town of Lasea. – Acts 27:8”
Helper Preposition BY
‘By’ appears in passive sentences to specify the agent, translated as “by” in the sense of “by the side of” when expressing location, “by” in the sense of “by” when expressing time, and “by” as in “by means of” when indicating tools or methods. Summarizing all these uses into one keyword includes the concept of “[helping from the side].”
“Keep my decrees and laws, for the man who obeys them will live by them. I am the LORD. – Leviticus 18:5”
Here, ‘by them’ is used to mean living by the decrees and laws.
“You will live by the sword and you will serve your brother. But when you grow restless, you will throw his yoke from off your neck. – Genesis 27:40”
Other expressions using the helper preposition ‘by’ include ‘by bus’ (traveling by the aid of a bus), ‘take her by the hand’ (holding her hand, implying assistance).
“It will not be like the covenant I made with their forefathers when I took them by the hand to lead them out of Egypt. – Hebrews 8:9”
Prepositions OF, FROM, IN for “Material”
These three prepositions can all be used to express the meaning of “made of” when referring to materials. Let’s explore their differences a bit. ‘Of’ is used in expressions like “made of” but applies when the material does not transform into another substance. Remember, we referred to ‘of’ as the preposition of “belonging.” It implies that the belonging does not change.
“The head of the statue was made of pure gold, its chest and arms of silver, its belly and thighs of bronze – Daniel 2:32”
On the other hand, ‘from’ is suitable for expressions like “made from” when the material undergoes a transformation. Thus, let’s call ‘from’ the preposition of “source technology.” It’s used when something is made or starts from (from) something, but the outcome is entirely different.
“He must abstain from wine and other fermented drink and must not drink vinegar made from wine or from other fermented drink. – Numbers 6:3”
Moreover, the preposition ‘in’ can be thought of as referring to the material used in creative works, as in “God created man in his own image,” or when mentioning write, speak, paint, carve, etc.
“And these signs will accompany those who believe: In my name they will drive out demons; they will speak in new tongues. – Mark 16:17”
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